Typhoid fever - learn causes, symptoms and how to observe treatment
Friday, February 03, 2017
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Typhoid fever is an acute illness with symptoms of fever caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi. Similar to typhoid, there are "symptoms of typhus" in medical language is called paratyphoid, caused by Salmonella paratyphi, usually causing diseases such as typhoid, but with clinically milder. These bacteria exist in water or food and then spread to others through this food.
Across the world, typhoid fever affects more than 21 million people per year, with about 200,000 people die from the disease. While in Asia, the incidence of typhoid is 300-800 people per 100,000 population with a percentage of 64% occurred at the age of 3-19 years.
Typhoid fever in through drinking or eating bacteria in contaminated food or water. People infected with acute illness can contaminate surrounding water supply through feces that contain high concentrations of bacteria.
Contamination of the water supply can, in turn, contaminate the food supply. The bacteria can survive for weeks in water or dry waste.
Approximately 3% -5% of people become carriers of the bacteria after infection. While another infected person able to suffer very mild disease that does not even look sick. These people can become long-term carriers of bacterial (infectious bacteria) even though they have no symptoms - and become a source of new outbreaks of typhoid fever for many years.
Glance Typhoid Fever
After ingesting food or water contaminated with Salmonella bacteria attacks the small intestine and into the bloodstream while. Bacteria carried by white blood cells in the marrow liver, spleen, and bone, where they multiply and re-enter the blood stream. People who are infected seem clinical manifestations such as fever. Bacteria invade the gallbladder, biliary system, and intestinal lymphatic tissue. Here, they breed in high quantities. The bacteria get into the intestinal tract and can be identified in stool samples. If the test results are not clear, blood samples will be taken to make a diagnosis. Blood samples will be checked increase in antibody titer associated with Widal test typhoid or Tubex test.
What Are the Symptoms of Typhoid Fever?
The incubation period is usually 1-2 weeks, and the duration of the disease is about 3-4 weeks. Symptoms include:
How Typhoid Fever Treated?
Typhoid fever is treated with antibiotics that kill the bacteria Salmonella. Before the use of antibiotics, typhoid death rate reached 20%. Death occurs from common infections, pneumonia, intestinal bleeding or perforation of the bowel (intestinal rupture). With antibiotics and supportive care, the mortality rate has been reduced to 1% -2%. With appropriate antibiotic therapy, usually no improvement within 1-2 days and recovery within 7-10 days.
Several antibiotics are effective for the treatment of typhoid fever. Chloramphenicol is the drug of choice for many years. Due to serious side effects such as a decrease in red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, chloramphenicol has been replaced by a more effective antibiotics. Antibiotic selection is guided by identifying geographical areas where infection occurs (certain strains in Indonesia showed significant resistance to some antibiotics) If a relapse occurs, then another antibiotic should be given, of course, with the potential of a higher power.
Antibiotic resistance occurs when the drug is given disobedient to drink, or many of us who buy drugs independently on antibiotics without a prescription. It is not realized it would be dangerous, because when all antibiotics can not be used anymore, the bacterial infection can not be cured anymore.
Typhoid patients may develop chronic (approximately 3% -5% of those infected), can be treated with antibiotics prolonged. Often, removal of the gall bladder, a chronic infection, is a solution.
Across the world, typhoid fever affects more than 21 million people per year, with about 200,000 people die from the disease. While in Asia, the incidence of typhoid is 300-800 people per 100,000 population with a percentage of 64% occurred at the age of 3-19 years.
Contamination of the water supply can, in turn, contaminate the food supply. The bacteria can survive for weeks in water or dry waste.
Approximately 3% -5% of people become carriers of the bacteria after infection. While another infected person able to suffer very mild disease that does not even look sick. These people can become long-term carriers of bacterial (infectious bacteria) even though they have no symptoms - and become a source of new outbreaks of typhoid fever for many years.
Glance Typhoid Fever
How Typhoid Fever Diagnosed?
- Typhoid fever is caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi.
- Typhoid fever is transmitted by consumption of contaminated food or water.
- The gold standard for diagnosis of typhoid fever were made when the bacterium Salmonella detected in stool cultures.
- Typhoid fever is treated with antibiotics.
- Typhoid fever symptoms are loss of appetite, headache, pain in the whole body, fever, lethargy, diarrhea or constipation.
- Approximately 3% -5% of patients become carriers of the bacteria after infection that can spread to others through contaminated water stools.
After ingesting food or water contaminated with Salmonella bacteria attacks the small intestine and into the bloodstream while. Bacteria carried by white blood cells in the marrow liver, spleen, and bone, where they multiply and re-enter the blood stream. People who are infected seem clinical manifestations such as fever. Bacteria invade the gallbladder, biliary system, and intestinal lymphatic tissue. Here, they breed in high quantities. The bacteria get into the intestinal tract and can be identified in stool samples. If the test results are not clear, blood samples will be taken to make a diagnosis. Blood samples will be checked increase in antibody titer associated with Widal test typhoid or Tubex test.
What Are the Symptoms of Typhoid Fever?
The incubation period is usually 1-2 weeks, and the duration of the disease is about 3-4 weeks. Symptoms include:
- Poor appetite
- Headache
- Aches and pains throughout the body
- Fever above 37.5 degrees Celsius
- Limp
- Diarrhea
- fainting
How Typhoid Fever Treated?
Typhoid fever is treated with antibiotics that kill the bacteria Salmonella. Before the use of antibiotics, typhoid death rate reached 20%. Death occurs from common infections, pneumonia, intestinal bleeding or perforation of the bowel (intestinal rupture). With antibiotics and supportive care, the mortality rate has been reduced to 1% -2%. With appropriate antibiotic therapy, usually no improvement within 1-2 days and recovery within 7-10 days.
Several antibiotics are effective for the treatment of typhoid fever. Chloramphenicol is the drug of choice for many years. Due to serious side effects such as a decrease in red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, chloramphenicol has been replaced by a more effective antibiotics. Antibiotic selection is guided by identifying geographical areas where infection occurs (certain strains in Indonesia showed significant resistance to some antibiotics) If a relapse occurs, then another antibiotic should be given, of course, with the potential of a higher power.
Antibiotic resistance occurs when the drug is given disobedient to drink, or many of us who buy drugs independently on antibiotics without a prescription. It is not realized it would be dangerous, because when all antibiotics can not be used anymore, the bacterial infection can not be cured anymore.
Typhoid patients may develop chronic (approximately 3% -5% of those infected), can be treated with antibiotics prolonged. Often, removal of the gall bladder, a chronic infection, is a solution.
Thank you for sharing such invaluable and helpful information. This can be a guide for those having the symptoms. Health is very important and for that, we should be more aware of it.
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